@article{ref1,
title="Choking under pressure: Positive public expectations and performance in a motor task",
journal="Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie",
year="1997",
author="Strauss, B.",
volume="44",
number="4",
pages="636-655",
abstract="According to Baumeister (e.g. 1985) &quot;choking under pressure&quot; means showing a suboptimal performance when under pressure, despite a high motivation to perform well. Factors that can exert pressure on performers (&quot;pressure variables&quot;) include competition, the reward to be gained, the expectation of negative consequences, the presence of spectators etc. However, &quot;choking&quot; can also occur when public expectations (e.g., of the audience) are positive. Baumeister et al. (1985) showed this in two experiments. In the present study an experimental design (a 2 x 2 design) was developed to examine this question in a sport context. Under various conditions of public expectations (&quot;positive&quot; vs &quot;no&quot;) and private expectations (&quot;positive&quot; vs &quot;negative&quot;), 60 university students repeatedly had to do a motor task on a rowing ergometer. The main results were: When the public expects success, but not the performing person, then the level of performance decreases. Under the condition of &quot;public expectation of success&quot; a better performance was only shown when the private and the public expectations corresponded with each other.<p /><p>Language: de</p>",
language="de",
issn="0949-3964",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}