@article{ref1,
title="Wilderness emergency medical services: the experiences at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks",
journal="American journal of emergency medicine",
year="1991",
author="Johnson, Jerry and Maertins, M. and Shalit, M. and Bierbaum, T. J. and Goldman, D. E. and Lowe, R. A.",
volume="9",
number="3",
pages="211-216",
abstract="This article describes the National Park Service wilderness emergency medical services (EMS) system, as implemented at Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park. EMS records on all 434 patients in the period from August 1, 1986, to July 31, 1987, were reviewed. Most patients had minor problems. Overall, 77% of patients contacting the EMS system were released at the scene, and base hospital contact was made in only 28% of cases. However, there were three deaths, 44 (10%) patients who received advanced life support, and 292 (67%) patients who received basic life support. Seven patients who received advanced life support were released without transport. Decisions regarding scope of practice in a low-volume, wilderness EMS system are complicated by long transport times and problems with skills maintenance. Differences between the times and problems with skills maintenance. Differences between the patients treated by a wilderness system and those seen in most urban systems may make it appropriate to release a greater portion of patients without ambulance transport. In a system with long response and transport times, use of personnel with different training than in the urban setting becomes necessary.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-6757",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}