@article{ref1,
title="On the epidemiology of yaws in African miners (1942)",
journal="Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene",
year="1984",
author="Hackett, C. J.",
volume="78",
number="4",
pages="536-538",
abstract="Several points of interest arise from these unusual human yaws infections: (i) European miners contracted a treponemal infection from Africans with yaws and developed yaws; (ii) the infectious patients who started the minor epidemics in the outbreaks must have been relapses from prolonged latent early infections; (iii) the time taken for the treponemes, possibly only a few minutes, to penetrate the skin through a minor injury seemed to be less than six hours; (iv) transmission occurred only at the working rock face deep underground with a tropical climate, and not on the surface 1,630 metres above sea-level, where there were abundant opportunities; (v) the search for treponemes in the environment of the working place was restricted by the inability to culture the treponeme.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0035-9203",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}