@article{ref1,
title="Static passive occupant restraint systems without airbags and without belts -- is it possible?",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="1978",
author="States, John D.",
volume="10",
number="3",
pages="108-114",
abstract="Failure to achieve safety belt usage by motorists in the United States has made passive restraint systems desirable alternatives.  Air bags are highly effective but costly, particularly in maintenance, and their reliability is not established.  Purely passive static restraint systems appear possible because of the emergence of new technology and new developments of older occupant protection systems.  The knee is and bugs can be used as energy input targets by the use of it in the bars and advanced design seat cushions; 65% of the body weight can be restrained using these structures.  Windshield glass, dashboards, and the steering wheel can be expected to restrain the upper body.  Side impact protection could be approved by the use of fixed laminated sided with glazing and door structures with improved penetration resistance and interior padding.  To optimize these proposals more knowledge of human injury tolerance is, kinematics, an injury mechanisms is needed, particularly of the spine and lower extremities.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}