@article{ref1,
title="Terrorism and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in children",
journal="Health psychology",
year="2005",
author="Gump, Brooks B. and Reihman, Jacki and Stewart, Paul and Lonky, Ed and Darvill, Tom",
volume="24",
number="6",
pages="594-600",
abstract="A number of studies have considered whether background stress affects cardiovascular responses to acute stress tasks. The present study considers the effect of a potent background stressor with a clear onset, namely the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Specifically, the authors investigated differences among 9.5-year-old children tested before (N = 30) and then following (N = 20) the 9/11 attacks. In addition, a majority of these children (N = 37) were retested approximately 1 year later (i.e., before and after 9/11/2002). Children tested directly following 9/11/2001 exhibited significantly greater stroke volume and cardiac output responses to acute stress tasks compared with their responses 1 year later, and this change in reactivity differed significantly from the change in reactivity exhibited by children tested before 9/11/2001 and again 1 year later. These results suggest that a potent background stressor can temporarily heighten some children's cardiovascular responses to subsequent acute stressors.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0278-6133",
doi="10.1037/0278-6133.24.6.594",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.6.594"
}