@article{ref1,
title="Nature and severity of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder as they occur together or separately in children",
journal="Canadian journal of psychiatry, The",
year="2009",
author="Lapalme, Mélanie and Déry, Michèle",
volume="54",
number="9",
pages="605-613",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms are particularly common, which could be related to the greater severity (number and nature of symptoms) of each disorder. Our study aims to determine if oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms vary when they occur together or separately in children. METHOD: Our study was conducted with 406 children (aged 6 to 13 years) divided in 4 groups (oppositional disorder only, conduct disorder only, oppositional disorder and conduct disorder, control) with no age or sex difference. Structured diagnostic interviews conducted with one parent and each child separately led to assessing the average number of symptoms for each disorder as well as the onset frequency of each symptom. RESULTS: When occurring together, oppositional disorder and conduct disorder appear more severe than when they occur separately, considering the number and nature of symptoms shown. Further, children with an oppositional disorder only or a conduct disorder only also have more frequent symptoms of the other disorder, compared with children in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest taking into account, at the time of assessment and potential intervention, the presence of both disorders.<p /><p>Language: fr</p>",
language="fr",
issn="0706-7437",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}