@article{ref1,
title="Genetic and gene-environment interaction effects on preschoolers' social behaviors",
journal="Developmental psychobiology",
year="2009",
author="DiLalla, Lisabeth Fisher and Elam, Kit K. and Smolen, Andrew",
volume="51",
number="6",
pages="451-464",
abstract="This study examined effects from a specific dopamine receptor gene (DRD4), environmental influences from parents and peers, and the interaction between them, on aggressive and prosocial behaviors of preschoolers. Children were classified as DRD4-L (n = 27) if they had at least one DRD4 allele with six to eight repeats and as DRD4-S (n = 35) if not. Parent-child interactions were coded when children were 3-4 years old. Peer interaction data and parent questionnaires were collected at age 5. DRD4-L children shared less with each other and parents were less sensitive during parent-twin triadic interactions. Also, genotype interacted with peer aggression to affect children's aggression during a peer play interaction at age 5, and genotype interacted with prior parental sensitivity to affect later externalizing problems. Thus, children having a certain genetic disposition may be more sensitive to certain environmental stimuli and therefore more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors under more stressful circumstances.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0012-1630",
doi="10.1002/dev.20384",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20384"
}