@article{ref1,
title="Measurement of self-esteem in repeat assault victims",
journal="Journal of the National Medical Association",
year="1998",
author="Conti, C. T. and Moncure, M. and Hines, J. and Clack, Z. and Smith, T. and Simpkins, C. O.",
volume="90",
number="3",
pages="171-175",
abstract="Background characterization of assault-related injuries have demonstrated that lifestyle, substance abuse, education, employment, mental illness, and high-risk behavior contribute to low self-esteem in repeat assault victims. Recurrent-assault patients have never been studied with respect to self-esteem. This study evaluated self-esteem and assault-related injury in 28 consecutive male assault patients (11 first-assault and 17 recurrent-assault patients) and 19 controls with no previous assault history. Study participants were administered the Walmyr Assessment Scales Index of Self-Esteem (WASISE) as part of a three-item survey to determine the relationship between self-esteem and assault-related injury. No demographic differences were found between the groups. The mean (+/- standard error) WASISE score for recurrent-assault patients (34.9 +/- 3.4) was significantly higher than mean scores for no-assault and first-time assault-injured patients (14.7 +/- 1.4 and 15.0 +/- 2.3, respectively). The recurrent-assault patients had a lower mean education level than both no-assault and first-time assault-injured patients (2.1 +/- 0.26 and 1.9 +/- 0.57, respectively). Eighteen (2%) first-time assault-injured and 11 (7%) recurrent-assault patients were employed. These data suggest that self-esteem, education, and employment history need to be considered when evaluating and developing interventions for repeat-assault patients.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1943-4693",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}