@article{ref1,
title="Exploring risk in early adolescent African American youth",
journal="American journal of community psychology",
year="2004",
author="Farmer, Thomas W. and Price, LeShawndra N. and O'Neal, Keri K. and Leung, Man-Chi and Goforth, Jennifer B. and Cairns, Beverley D. and Reese, Le'Roy E.",
volume="33",
number="1-2",
pages="51-59",
abstract="Two studies were conducted to explore the degree to which single- and multiple-risk profiles were evident in samples of African American early adolescents in low-income inner-city, rural, and suburban schools. Study 1 examined early adolescent risk status (i.e., single, multiple) in relation to later adjustment in a representative sample (70% European American, 30% African American). Youth who experienced a single risk in early adolescence had moderately increased levels of school dropout and criminal arrests, whereas youth with multiple risks (i.e., combination of 2 or more risks) had significantly increased levels of school dropout, criminal arrests, and teen parenthood. Study 2 examined the extent to which single- and multiple-risk profiles were evident in cross-sectional samples of African American youth from low-income inner-city and rural areas. About one fourth of both the inner-city and rural samples of African American youth were composed of youth in the single-risk category. A significantly greater proportion of boys in the inner-city sample (20%) than boys in the rural sample (13%) experienced multiple risks. Girls across the rural and inner-city samples did not differ in terms of risk. Overall, more than 60% of African American youth in these two low-income samples did not evidence risk for later adjustment problems. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0562",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}