@article{ref1,
title="Proactive and reactive aggression in referred children and adolescents",
journal="American journal of orthopsychiatry",
year="2004",
author="Connor, Daniel F. and Steingard, Ronald J. and Cunningham, Julie A. and Anderson, Jennifer J. and Melloni, Richard H.",
volume="74",
number="2",
pages="129-136",
abstract="Investigating different types of aggression is important to facilitate a better understanding of excessive maladaptive aggression in referred youth. Using regression analysis, the authors investigated demographic, historical, diagnostic, and treatment correlates of proactive aggression and reactive aggression in a heterogeneous population (N = 323) of psychiatrically referred youths. Ratings of proactive and reactive aggression significantly correlated with more established measures of aggression. Results suggest the importance of hyperactive/impulsive behavior, disruptive behavior disorders, and self-reported hostility in youths with both reactive and proactive aggression. Substance use disorders, a family history of substance abuse, and family violence were specifically associated with proactive aggression. Younger age and a history of abuse were correlated with reactive aggression. Implications for clinical interventions and future research are discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9432",
doi="10.1037/0002-9432.74.2.129",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.74.2.129"
}