@article{ref1,
title="Somali and Oromo refugees: correlates of torture and trauma history",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2004",
author="Jaranson, James M. and Butcher, James and Halcon, Linda and Johnson, David Robert and Robertson, Cheryl and Savik, Kay and Spring, Marline and Westermeyer, Joseph",
volume="94",
number="4",
pages="591-598",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional, community-based, epidemiological study characterized Somali and Ethiopian (Oromo) refugees in Minnesota to determine torture prevalence and associated problems. METHODS: A comprehensive questionnaire was developed, then administered by trained ethnic interviewers to a nonprobability sample of 1134. Measures assessed torture techniques; traumatic events; and social, physical, and psychological problems, including posttraumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS: Torture prevalence ranged from 25% to 69% by ethnicity and gender, higher than usually reported. Unexpectedly, women were tortured as often as men. Torture survivors had more health problems, including posttraumatic stress. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need to recognize torture in African refugees, especially women, identify indicators of posttraumatic stress in torture survivors, and provide additional resources to care for tortured refugees.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}