@article{ref1,
title="Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings",
journal="Emerging infectious diseases",
year="2002",
author="Jernigan, Daniel B. and Raghunathan, Pratima L. and Bell, Beth P. and Brechner, Ross and Bresnitz, Eddy A. and Butler, Jay C. and Cetron, Marty and Cohen, Mitch and Doyle, Timothy and Fischer, Marc and Greene, Carolyn and Griffith, Kevin S. and Guarner, Jeannette and Hadler, James L. and Hayslett, James A. and Meyer, Richard and Petersen, Lyle R. and Phillips, Michael and Pinner, Robert and Popovic, Tanja and Quinn, Conrad P. and Reefhuis, Jennita and Reissman, Dori and Rosenstein, Nancy E. and Schuchat, Anne and Shieh, Wun-Ju and Siegal, Larry and Swerdlow, David L. and Tenover, Fred C. and Traeger, Marc and Ward, John W. and Weisfuse, Isaac and Wiersma, Steven and Yeskey, Kevin and Zaki, Sherif and Ashford, David A. and Perkins, Bradley A. and Ostroff, Steve and Hughes, James and Fleming, David and Koplan, Jeffrey P. and Gerberding, Julie Louise",
volume="8",
number="10",
pages="1019-1028",
abstract="In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in the United States since 1976 was identified in a media company worker in Florida. A national investigation was initiated to identify additional cases and determine possible exposures to Bacillus anthracis. Surveillance was enhanced through health-care facilities, laboratories, and other means to identify cases, which were defined as clinically compatible illness with laboratory-confirmed B. anthracis infection. From October 4 to November 20, 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalational, 11 cutaneous) were identified; 5 of the inhalational cases were fatal. Twenty (91%) case-patients were either mail handlers or were exposed to worksites where contaminated mail was processed or received. B. anthracis isolates from four powder-containing envelopes, 17 specimens from patients, and 106 environmental samples were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping. Illness and death occurred not only at targeted worksites, but also along the path of mail and in other settings. Continued vigilance for cases is needed among health-care providers and members of the public health and law enforcement communities.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1080-6040",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}