@article{ref1,
title="Examining trends in intake rates, client symptoms, hopelessness, and suicidality in a university counseling center over 12 years",
journal="Journal of college student development",
year="2009",
author="Hoeppner, Bettina B. and Hoeppner, Susanne S. and Campbell, James F.",
volume="50",
number="5",
pages="539-550",
abstract="The question whether levels of psychopathology and symptom severity among university counseling center client populations are increasing or not has received a great deal of attention in professional psychology. We examined 12-year archival intake records of a university counseling center to test for trends regarding: (a) the overall number of student-clients seeking counseling, (b) the frequency with which specific symptoms we reported, (c) the number of times student-clients re reported experiencing hopelessness at various levels of intensity, and (d) the number of times student-clients reported suicide ideation at two levels of intensity. The sample (n = 6,676) was predominantly female (69.2%), White (80.2%), and on average 23.1 years old (SD = 8.0). Individual intake records were converted into monthly counts, which were checked for linear trends over time using autoregressive models. No significant linear trends were found except for a small decreasing, trend retarding the number of intake clients reporting advanced suicide ideation (beta = -0.019, p = 0.027). Our findings suggest a long-term (i.e., more than 10-year) stability of student-clients self-reported symptoms, and corroborate previous findings of short-term (i.e., 5-8 years) stability of client distress at intake over time.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0897-5264",
doi="10.1353/csd.0.0090",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0090"
}