@article{ref1,
title="Assessment of the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled gases and particles with physicochemical methods",
journal="International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics",
year="1999",
author="Sosnowski, T. R. and Podgorski, A.",
volume="5",
number="3",
pages="431-447",
abstract="Physicochemical techniques used for evaluating the pulmonary surfactant (PS) quality are discussed as methods useful in assessing toxicity of inhaled gases and particles. Two standard devices, Langmuir-Wilhelmy film balance and pulsating bubble apparatus, are presented in detail, and the measured results of interaction between sulfuric acid and 2 models of PS materials are analyzed. The evident decrease in surface activity of the pulmonary surfactant after its contact with the acid at concentrations approaching 0.001 M may be considered as an indicator of the adverse effect, which can result in several health problems. The presented approach can be used as a method of assessing pulmonary toxicity of any substances present in the breathing air.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1080-3548",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}