@article{ref1,
title="Autism spectrum disorders: concurrent clinical disorders",
journal="Journal of child neurology",
year="2008",
author="Xue Ming,  and Brimacombe, Michael and Chaaban, Janti and Zimmerman-Bier, Barbie and Wagner, George C.",
volume="23",
number="1",
pages="6-13",
abstract="Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are heterogeneous in clinical presentation, concurrent disorders, and developmental outcomes. This study characterized the clinical co-occurrences and potential subgroups in 160 children with autism spectrum disorders who presented to The Autism Center between 1999 and 2003. Medical and psychiatric co-occurrences included sleep disorders, epilepsy, food intolerance, gastrointestinal dysfunction, mood disorder, and aggressive and self-injurious behaviors. Sleep disorders were associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction (P < .05) and mood disorders (P < .01). Food intolerance was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction (P = .001). Subjects with mood disorder tended to develop aggressive or self-injurious behaviors (P < .05). Developmental regression was not associated with increased co-occurrence of medical or psychiatric disorders. Medical co-occurrence did not present as a risk factor for psychiatric co-occurrence, and vice versa. These results showed a high prevalence of multiple medical and psychiatric co-occurrences. There may be common pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in clinical subgroups of autism spectrum disorders. Recognition of the co-occurrence of concurrent disorders may provide insight into the therapeutic strategy.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0883-0738",
doi="10.1177/0883073807307102",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073807307102"
}