@article{ref1,
title="Children's perceptions of school-based violence",
journal="British journal of educational psychology",
year="2000",
author="Gumpel, Thomas P. and Meadan, H.",
volume="70",
number="3",
pages="391-404",
abstract="BACKGROUND: An important first step in understanding school-based violence is understanding children's subjective perceptions of the phenomena. Understanding these perceptions is likely to be a major factor in determining the integrity of both prevalence and intervention studies. AIMS: We investigated how elementary and secondary aged children perceived school-based violence. SAMPLE: A sample of 979 children from a nested random sample of elementary (grades 3-6) and middle school (grades 7-8) classrooms in Jerusalem participated in this study. METHODS: To understand children's perception of school violence, we used an instrument composed of 19 dichotomous items, each presenting a one-line description of a behaviour, which the respondent would define as either 'intentionally harmful' or not. RESULTS: Eighth graders were significantly less likely to label the behaviours described as violent compared to all other grades; and seventh graders were less likely as compared to third, fourth and fifth graders; also, some between-gender differences were found. CONCLUSION: The respondents often view the behaviours described as intentional and aggressive; this finding should serve as an impetus to widen the scope of school-based violence interventions to include these behaviours, especially for younger children.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-0998",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}