@article{ref1,
title="Processing of differentially valued rewards and punishments in youths with bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation",
journal="Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology",
year="2008",
author="Rau, Geoff and Blair, Karina S. and Berghorst, Lisa and Knopf, Lisa and Skup, Martha and Luckenbaugh, David A. and Pine, Daniel S. and Blair, Robert J. and Leibenluft, Ellen",
volume="18",
number="2",
pages="185-196",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Youths with chronic irritability and hyperarousal (i.e., severe mood dysregulation, SMD) have reward- and punishment-processing deficits distinct from those exhibited by children with episodic symptoms of mania (i.e., narrow-phenotype bipolar disorder, BD). Additionally, youths with SMD, like those with psychopathy, have prominent reactive aggression. Therefore, we hypothesized that SMD, but not BD, youths would be impaired on a decision-making task that has identified reward- and punishment-processing deficits in individuals with psychopathy. METHODS: A decision-making task was used in which BD (n = 23), SMD (n = 37), and control subjects (n = 31) were asked to choose between two images associated with different levels of reward or punishment. RESULTS: No between-group differences in task performance were found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BD, SMD, and normal youths do not differ in their ability to select between rewards and punishments of different value. Effect-size analyses suggest that this finding is not secondary to a type II error. Unlike individuals with psychopathy, neither SMD subjects nor those with BD differ from controls in their ability to select between differentially valued rewards and punishments.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1044-5463",
doi="10.1089/cap.2007.0053",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2007.0053"
}