@article{ref1,
title="Control Processes and Self-Organization as Complementary Principles Underlying Behavior",
journal="Personality and social psychology review",
year="2002",
author="Carver, Charles S. and Scheier, Michael F.",
volume="6",
number="4",
pages="304-315",
abstract="This article addresses the convergence and complementarity between self-regulatory control-process models of behavior and dynamic systems models. The control-process view holds that people have a goal in mind and try to move toward it (or away from it), monitoring the extent to which a discrepancy remains between the goal and one's present state and taking steps to reduce the discrepancy (or enlarge it). Dynamic systems models tend to emphasize a bottom-up self-organization process, in which a coherence arises from among many simultaneous influences, moving the system toward attractors and away from repellers. We suggest that these differences in emphasis reflect two facets of a more complex reality involving both types of processes. Discussion focuses on how self-organization may occur within constituent elements of a feedback system—the input function, the output function, and goal values being used by the system—and how feedback processes themselves can reflect self-organizing tendencies.<p />",
language="",
issn="1088-8683",
doi="10.1207/S15327957PSPR0604_05",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0604_05"
}