@article{ref1,
title="Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies?",
journal="Journal of personality and social psychology",
year="1999",
author="Bushman, Brad J. and Baumeister, R. F. and Stack, A. D.",
volume="76",
number="3",
pages="367-376",
abstract="Does media endorsement for catharsis produce a self-fulfilling or a self-defeating prophecy? In Study 1, participants who read a procatharsis message (claiming that aggressive action is a good way to relax and reduce anger) subsequently expressed a greater desire to hit a punching bag than did participants who read an anticatharsis message. In Study 2, participants read the same messages and then actually did hit a punching bag. This exercise was followed by an opportunity to engage in laboratory aggression. Contrary to the catharsis hypothesis and to the self-fulfilling prophecy prediction, people who read the procatharsis message and then hit the punching bag were subsequently more aggressive than were people who read the anticatharsis message.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3514",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}