@article{ref1,
title="Propranolol treatment of chronically hospitalized aggressive patients",
journal="Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences",
year="1999",
author="Silver, J. M. and Yudofsky, S. C. and Slater, J. A. and Gold, R. K. and Stryer, B. L. and Williams, D. T. and Wolland, H. and Endicott, J.",
volume="11",
number="3",
pages="328-335",
abstract="Violent behavior in psychiatric patients may result in long-term hospitalization. There is no FDA-approved psychopharmacologic treatment for aggression. In this study, 20 chronically aggressive hospitalized patients were administered 1 week of placebo followed by an open trial of increasing doses of propranolol. Patients who had an equivocal or definite clinical response were entered into an open add-on double-blind discontinuation study phase. Aggressive behavior was objectively documented throughout the study. After the open phase of the study, 7 patients had a greater than 50% decrease in aggressive behavior. Four patients entered the double-blind discontinuation phase. The clinical course of 3 of those patients was consistent with the positive response to propranolol. The results of this study are consistent with a therapeutic effect of propranolol in some patients with aggressive behavior. Further studies are indicated.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0895-0172",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}