@article{ref1,
title="The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept",
journal="Sex roles",
year="2009",
author="Behm-Morawitz, Elizabeth and Mastro, Dana",
volume="61",
number="11-12",
pages="808-823",
abstract="The present study utilized an experimental design to investigate the short term effects of exposure to sexualized female video game characters on gender stereotyping and female self-concept in emerging adults. Bussey and Bandura’s (1999) social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation was used to explicate this relationship. Undergraduate students (N = 328) at a large U.S. Southwestern university participated in the study. Students were randomly assigned to play a “sexualized” heroine, a “non-sexualized” heroine, or no video game; then completed an online questionnaire. Female self-efficacy was negatively affected by game play with the sexualized female character. Results cautiously suggest that playing a sexualized video game heroine unfavorably influenced people’s beliefs about women in the real world.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0360-0025",
doi="10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8"
}