@article{ref1,
title="Violence perpetrated by women who use methamphetamine",
journal="Journal of substance use",
year="2010",
author="Hamilton, Alison B. and Goeders, Nicholas E.",
volume="15",
number="5",
pages="313-329",
abstract="Methamphetamine (meth) is widely recognized as being associated with violence and aggression. This association is found among women and men, with rates of meth-related violence among women possibly being equal to or even exceeding rates among men. This study examined female-perpetrated violence from the phenomenological point of view of 30 women (aged 18-45 years; mean age of 28.5 years) in residential treatment for meth dependence. Of the 30 participants, 80% (n = 24) reported experiencing violence in their lifetimes: 67% (n = 20) had violence perpetrated against them, and 57% (n = 17) had perpetrated violence. Most participants described perpetrating violence when they were `coming down' off of meth (i.e. withdrawing). Five women (29%) attributed their violent behaviors to meth and said they would not have been violent had they not been using meth. In contrast, 10 women (59%) described pre-existing `anger issues' that were `enhanced' by meth. This article describes the timing of meth-related violence, bi-directional violence, men's responses to female-perpetrated violence, aggression in the context of sexual activities, and violence perpetrated against non-partners. A biopsychosocial theoretical framework is useful to interpret the complex explanations that women provide for their perpetration of violence under the influence of chronic meth use.<p />",
language="",
issn="1465-9891",
doi="10.3109/14659890903431611",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14659890903431611"
}