@article{ref1,
title="Chronic methamphetamine psychosis after long-term abstinence in Japanese incarcerated patients",
journal="American journal on addictions",
year="2011",
author="Akiyama, Kazufumi and Saito, Atsushi and Shimoda, Kazutaka",
volume="20",
number="3",
pages="240-249",
abstract="Eighty female incarcerated subjects who maintained a long-term methamphetamine (METH) abstinence, but manifested psychosis, were examined for correlations among symptom severity premorbid diathesis, recurrence, and adverse effects of pharmacotherapy. Baseline symptoms were assessed with a 24-item version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) prior to, and 2 weeks after, the commencement of pharmacotherapy. Fifty-four subjects who had abused volatile solvents in their teenage years commenced METH abuse at a significantly lower age than the rest of the subjects (18.4 vs. 22.5 years old, p < .001). Twenty-nine patients who had attempted suicide in their lives suffered from premorbid psychiatric disorders significantly more often than those who had never attempted suicide (odds ratio = 8.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 2.6-27.8, p < .001). Twenty subjects who manifested spontaneous recurrence had a significantly longer abstinence period (17.5 vs. 12.1 months, p = .049), but suffered from premorbid psychiatric disorders significantly less often (odds ratio = .12, 95% CI = .02- .99, p = .031) than those who manifested nonrecurrent-protracted psychosis. Subjects who eventually suffered from extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) following pharmacotherapy had higher total BPRS scores at the baseline assessment. The present study provides evidence that a subpopulation of METH abusers suffered from chronic METH psychosis in long-term abstinence, and also highlights the involvement of affective symptoms in its severity. (Am J Addict 2011;00:1-10).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1055-0496",
doi="10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00124.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00124.x"
}