@article{ref1,
title="Children With Co‐Occurring Anxiety and Externalizing Disorders: Family Risks and Implications for Competence",
journal="American journal of orthopsychiatry",
year="2009",
author="Yoo, Joan P. and Brown, Pamela J. and Luthar, Suniya S.",
volume="79",
number="4",
pages="532-540",
abstract="This study used data from 340 mother-child dyads to examine characteristics of children with co-occurring diagnoses of anxiety and externalizing disorders and compared them with children with a sole diagnosis or no diagnosis. Comparisons were made using 4 child-diagnostic groups: anxiety-only, externalizing-only, co-occurrence, and no-problem groups. Most mothers were characterized by low income and histories of psychiatric diagnoses during the child's lifetime. Analyses using multinomial logistic regressions found the incidence of co-occurring childhood disorders to be significantly linked with maternal affective/anxiety disorders during the child's lifetime. In exploring implications for developmental competence, we found the co-occurrence group to have the lowest level of adaptive functioning among the 4 groups, faring significantly worse than the no-problem group on both academic achievement and intelligence as assessed by standardized tests. Findings underscore the importance of considering co-occurring behavior problems as a distinct phenomenon when examining children's developmental outcomes.<p />",
language="",
issn="0002-9432",
doi="10.1037/a0017848",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017848"
}