@article{ref1,
title="Political Party Platforms",
journal="Criminal justice policy review",
year="2008",
author="Marion, Nancy E. and Oliver, Willard M.",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="397-413",
abstract="The theory of symbolic politics is used to examine the elements of criminal justice policy in political party platforms. It is hypothesized that political parties use their party platforms to make symbolic, rather than substantive, statements. Data were collected from the digital archives of both the American Presidency Project and the American Reference Library consisting of all political party platforms from 1868 to 2004. A content analysis of these party platforms, as they related to crime and justice issues, offers partial support for the claim that presidents and political parties use these party platforms primarily for evoking symbols.<p />",
language="",
issn="0887-4034",
doi="10.1177/0887403408318829",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403408318829"
}