@article{ref1,
title="Does the New Middle Class Lead Today's Social Movements?",
journal="Critical sociology",
year="2003",
author="Cleveland, John W.",
volume="29",
number="2",
pages="163-188",
abstract="The conventional wisdom that today's movements are led by a section of the `new middle class' is really the old functionalist theory of (post)modernizing elites that denies class analysis. The `young adult nucleus' thesis is proposed as an alternative theory. The leading social forces in movements in affluent countries are intellectual radicals and `advanced elements' from groups that experience some form of exploitation, oppression or collective hurt. They are Gramscian intellectuals as opposed to professional intellectuals. They are people who took the `opportunity during socialization' when young adults to choose what often became a lifelong `activist career' for social justice.<p />",
language="",
issn="0896-9205",
doi="10.1163/156916303769155797",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916303769155797"
}