@article{ref1,
title="Eschatological Justice and the Cross",
journal="Theology today",
year="2003",
author="Boersma, Hans",
volume="60",
number="2",
pages="186-199",
abstract="Recent objections to penal substitutionary views of the atonement argue that they valorize violence. This essay argues that, to the contrary, penal substitution may be viewed as a warrant of eschatological justice that offers hope both to victims and perpetrators of violence. A rejection of all penal justice would contribute to the cycle of violence. Penal justice is a last resort for the sake of God's future eschatological justice. Christ's voluntary self-sacrifice also entails that God takes the punishment for sin upon himself, thus offering the hope of eschatological justice to all.<p />",
language="",
issn="0040-5736",
doi="10.1177/004057360306000204",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057360306000204"
}