@article{ref1,
title="Children's perceptions of school‐based violence",
journal="British journal of educational psychology",
year="2000",
author="Gumpel, Thomas P. and Meadan, Hedda",
volume="70",
number="3",
pages="391-404",
abstract="Background. An important first step in understanding school-based violence is understanding children's subjective perceptions of the phenomena. Understanding these perceptions is likely to be a major factor in determining the integrity of both prevalence and intervention studies. Aims. We investigated how elementary and secondary aged children perceived school-based violence. Sample. A sample of 979 children from a nested random sample of elementary (grades 3-6) and middle school (grades 7-8) classrooms in Jerusalem participated in this study. Methods. To understand children's perception of school violence, we used an instrument composed of 19 dichotomous items, each presenting a one-line description of a behaviour, which the respondent would define as either ‘ intentionally harmful’ or not. Results. Eighth graders were significantly less likely to label the behaviours described as violent compared to all other grades; and seventh graders were less likely as compared to third, fourth and fifth graders; also, some between-gender differences were found. Conclusion. The respondents often view the behaviours described as intentional and aggressive; this finding should serve as an impetus to widen the scope of school-based violence interventions to include these behaviours, especially for younger children.<p />",
language="",
issn="0007-0998",
doi="10.1348/000709900158191",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709900158191"
}