@article{ref1,
title="Additional Treatment Services in a Cocaine Treatment Study: Level of Services Obtained and Impact on Outcome",
journal="American journal on addictions",
year="2008",
author="Worley, Matthew J. and Gallop, Robert and Gibbons, Mary Beth Connolly and Ring‐Kurtz, Sarah and Present, Julie and Weiss, Roger D. and Crits‐Christoph, Paul",
volume="17",
number="3",
pages="209-217",
abstract="The objective of this study was to examine the level of additional treatment services obtained by patients enrolled in the NIDA Cocaine Collaborative Study, a multi-center efficacy trial of four treatments for cocaine dependence, and to determine whether these services impact treatment outcome. Cocaine-dependent patients (N = 487) were recruited at five sites and randomly assigned to six months of one of four psychosocial treatments. Assessments were made at baseline, monthly during treatment, and at follow-ups at 9, 12, 15, and 18 months post-randomization. On average, patients received little or no additional treatment services during active treatment (first six months), but the rate of obtaining most services increased during the follow-up phase (month 7 to 18). In general, the treatment groups did not differ in the rates of obtaining non-protocol services. For all treatment groups, patients with greater psychiatric severity received more medical and psychiatric services during active treatment and follow-up. Use of treatment services was unrelated to drug use outcomes during active treatment. However, during the follow-up period, increased use of psychiatric medication, twelve-step attendance, and twelve-step participation was related to less drug use. The results suggest that during uncontrolled follow-up phases, additional non-protocol services may potentially confound the interpretation of treatment group comparisons in drug use outcomes.<p />",
language="",
issn="1055-0496",
doi="10.1080/10550490802021994",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490802021994"
}