@article{ref1,
title="Implications of Co‐Occurring Alcohol Abuse for Role Impairment, Health Problems, Treatment Seeking, and Early Course of Alcohol Dependence",
journal="American journal on addictions",
year="2007",
author="Mojtabai, Ramin and Singh, Prameet",
volume="16",
number="4",
pages="300-309",
abstract="This article explores the nosological and clinical implications of co-occurring alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence and examines the hierarchical relationship between these diagnostic categories in the DSM-IV. Among 2,307 alcohol-dependent participants in the 2003 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 1,646 (68.1%) additionally met the criteria for alcohol abuse. In multivariate analyses, alcohol-dependent participants with alcohol abuse reported an earlier age of first alcoholic drink compared to those without alcohol abuse. They also reported a higher prevalence of health problems, non-alcohol drug use, impairment, treatment seeking, and early remission. The two groups had different symptom profiles. Revisions to future DSM editions are proposed to better capture these differences.<p />",
language="",
issn="1055-0496",
doi="10.1080/10550490701389815",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490701389815"
}