@article{ref1,
title="Driving experience, crashes and traffic citations of teenage beginning drivers",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2003",
author="McCartt, Anne Taylor and Shabanova, Veronika I. and Leaf, William A.",
volume="35",
number="3",
pages="311-320",
abstract="Teenagers were surveyed by telephone every 6 months from their freshman to senior high school years (N=911). Self-reported crash involvements and citations were examined for each teenager's first year of licensure and first 3500 miles driven. Based on survival analysis, the risk of a first crash during the first month of licensure (0.053) was substantially higher than during any of the next 11 months (mean risk per month: 0.025). The likelihood of a first citation during the first month of licensure (0.023) also was higher than during any of the subsequent 11 months (mean risk per month: 0.012). Similarly, when viewed as a function of cumulative miles driven, the risk of a first crash or citation was highest during the first 500 miles driven after licensure. Fewer parental restrictions (e.g. no nighttime curfew) and a lower grade point average (GPA) were associated with a higher crash risk. Male gender, a lower GPA and living in a rural area were associated with a higher citation rate.",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}