@article{ref1,
title="Understanding links between punitive parenting and adolescent adjustment: The relevance of context and reciprocal associations",
journal="Journal of research on adolescence",
year="2011",
author="Roche, Kathleen M. and Ghazarian, Sharon R. and Little, Todd D. and Leventhal, Tama",
volume="21",
number="2",
pages="448-460",
abstract="There is considerable debate regarding the extent to which punitive parenting adversely impacts youth well being. Using an ecological-transactional model of human development, we examined reciprocity and contextual variability in associations between maternal punitive discipline and adolescent adjustment among 1,147 low-income, urban youth followed through adolescence. Longitudinal SEM results indicated that delinquency and depressive symptoms during pre- and early adolescence (Time 1) were associated with increased punitive discipline about a year later (Time 2). When mothers reported less Time 2 neighborhood disorder, punitive discipline at Time 2 was associated with increased delinquency (for boys) and depressive symptoms (for girls) during mid- to late adolescence (Time 3). The costs of punitive discipline for adolescent adjustment are best understood considering the dynamic, transactional, and contextual nature of development.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-8392",
doi="10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00681.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00681.x"
}