@article{ref1,
title="The effect of constrained hip-joint design on crash dummy responses",
journal="International journal of crashworthiness",
year="2010",
author="Tang, Liang and Wang, Yuanbo and Zhou, Qing",
volume="15",
number="4",
pages="369-376",
abstract="The lower torso assembly of the Hybrid III (HIII) crash dummy adopts a one-piece vinyl skin/urethane foam design with a shape resembling the hip and thighs of a seated occupant. Although a ball-and-socket joint is used to connect the femur and the pelvis, the fixed-shape flesh design has essentially constrained the rotational freedom of the hip joint. A study of the effect of the constraint on the dummy response is presented. The result of this study could provide a direction for future improvement of the HIII dummy. A more human-body-like lower torso design is proposed and used to modify a non-linear finite-element HIII dummy model. The effect of the constraint is then evaluated using the modified model.<p />",
language="",
issn="1358-8265",
doi="10.1080/13588260903457755",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588260903457755"
}