@article{ref1,
title="Branding identity, development and application: A comparison of rail and road vehicle liveries",
journal="International journal of vehicle design",
year="2011",
author="Mackie, Elaine",
volume="55",
number="2-3-4",
pages="256-277",
abstract="This paper aims to highlight the design elements and operational requirements that an operator of a transport system needs to take into account when translating the effect of their brand identity into a livery design. This approach will be in terms of its vehicle fleets exterior characteristics and the vehicles' perception by customers regarding brand image. This paper contributes to a gap in the knowledge of branding by building on aspects of Gestalt psychology and the relationship between physical artifacts and emotions to develop a way of evaluating liveries on rail and road vehicles. A case study approach is adopted using two transport providers operating in the UK and North America, as there is a lack of documented case studies of transit identity to contextualise this issue.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0143-3369",
doi="10.1504/IJVD.2011.040586",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVD.2011.040586"
}