@article{ref1,
title="Gender differences in trauma history and symptoms as predictors of relapse to alcohol and drug use",
journal="American journal on addictions",
year="2011",
author="Heffner, Jaimee L. and Blom, Thomas J. and Anthenelli, Robert M.",
volume="20",
number="4",
pages="307-311",
abstract="The objective of this study was to determine whether there are gender-specific associations between trauma exposure and alcohol or drug relapse in alcohol-dependent adults. Participants were 51 men (n = 24) and women (n = 27) with alcohol dependence, 22 (43.1%) of whom relapsed during study participation. Severity of childhood trauma; number of lifetime events evoking fear, helplessness, or horror; and current trauma symptoms all predicted relapse in women, but not in men. These findings highlight the importance of assessing trauma history and providing treatment of trauma-related symptoms for individuals with alcohol and drug dependence, and for women in particular. (Am J Addict 2011;00:1-5).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1055-0496",
doi="10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00141.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00141.x"
}