@article{ref1,
title="The interrelationships between abuse, substance use, and psychosocial stress during pregnancy",
journal="Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing",
year="1998",
author="Curry, Mary Ann",
volume="27",
number="6",
pages="692-699",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between abuse during pregnancy and substance use and psychosocial stress. DESIGN: Prospective study of pregnant women. SETTING: Urban prenatal clinics. PARTICIPANTS: 1,937 predominately low-income, ethnically diverse women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES(S): Three questions from the Abuse Assessment Screen were used to measure abuse. For the total sample, 25.7% reported physical abuse in the past year, 10.5% physical abuse since pregnancy, and 4.5% sexual abuse in the past year. Adolescents were significantly more likely to report any abuse (37.6%) than were adults (22.6%) (chi-square = 44.94; df = 1; p < 0.001). White abused women were significantly more likely to report use of tobacco (chi-square = 17.34; df = 1; p < 0.001) and alcohol (chi-square = 5.65; df = 1, p < 0.01). Abused Asian women were more likely to smoke (chi-square = 12.13; df = 1, p < 0.001), as were women ethnically described as &quot;other&quot; (chi-square = 8.39; df = 1, p < 0.001). There was a higher, but not statistically significant, rate of substance use between abused and nonabused African-American, Native-American, and Hispanic women. Abused women of all races reported higher stress, less support from partners, less support from others, and lower self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Abuse during pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of substance use and psychosocial stress. These relationships must be incorporated into the clinical care of abused pregnant women.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0884-2175",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}