@article{ref1,
title="A basic mathematical model for evacuation problems in urban areas",
journal="Transportation research part A: policy and practice",
year="2011",
author="Bretschneider, S. and Kimms, A.",
volume="45",
number="6",
pages="523-539",
abstract="Real life situations like floods, hurricanes or chemical accidents may cause the evacuation of a certain area to rescue the affected population. To enable a fast and a safe evacuation a basic mixed-integer evacuation model has been developed that provides a reorganization of the traffic routing of a certain area for the case of an evacuation. This basic problem of evacuation minimizes the evacuation-time while prohibiting conflicts within intersections. Our evacuation model is a dynamic network flow problem with additional variables for the number and direction of used lanes and with additional complicating constraints. Because of the size of the time-expanded network, the computational effort required by standard software is already very high for tiny instances. To deal with realistic instances we propose a heuristic approach.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0965-8564",
doi="10.1016/j.tra.2011.03.008",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2011.03.008"
}