@article{ref1,
title="Performing under pressure: Gaze control, decision making and shooting performance of elite and rookie police officers",
journal="Human movement science",
year="2012",
author="Vickers, Joan N. and Lewinski, William",
volume="31",
number="1",
pages="101-117",
abstract="Gaze of elite (E) and rookie (R) officers were analyzed as they faced a potentially lethal encounter that required use of a handgun, or inhibition of the shot when a cell phone was drawn. The E shot more accurately than the R (E 74.60%; R 53.80%) and made fewer decisions errors in the cell condition when 18.50% of E and 61.50% of R fired at the assailant. E and R did not differ in duration of the draw/aim/fire phases, but the R's motor onsets were later, during the final second compared to the E's final 2.5s. Across the final six fixations the E increased the percent of fixations on the assailant's weapon/cell to 71% and to 86% on hits, compared to a high of 34% for the R. Before firing, the R made a rapid saccade to their own weapon on 84% of trials leading to a failure to fixate the assailant on 50% of trials as they fired. Compared to the R, the E had a longer quiet eye duration on the assailant's weapon/cell prior to firing. The results provide new insights into officer weapon focus, firearms training and the role of optimal gaze control when under extreme pressure.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0167-9457",
doi="10.1016/j.humov.2011.04.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.04.004"
}