@article{ref1,
title="Violence in schizophrenia versus limbic psychotic trigger reaction: Prefrontal aspects of volitional action",
journal="Aggression and violent behavior",
year="2004",
author="Pontius, A. A.",
volume="9",
number="5",
pages="503-521",
abstract="Two basic kinds of violence in psychoses are juxtaposed: In schizophrenia violence is mostly determined by a persisting distortion of the content of thought through delusions and/or hallucinations, while the prefrontal mediation of intentional volition of action behavior is largely intact. Conversely, all prefrontal functions are briefly, but severely impaired by the fronto-limbic imbalance proposed in a subtype of partial limbic seizures, limbic psychotic trigger reaction (LPTR). LPTR is based on the animal model of limbic seizure kindling (through intermittent mild stimuli) in primates, evoking nonconvulsive &quot;behavioral seizures&quot; with indications of visual hallucinations. Additional prefrontal factors contributing to violence both in schizophrenia and most severely in LPTR, concern the inability to appropriately reset a plan of ongoing action upon intervening circumstances, and/or a reduced ability for the cognitive &quot;appreciation&quot; of the consequences and implications of the acts.<p />",
language="en",
issn="1359-1789",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}