@article{ref1,
title="Adolescents and Young Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department Intoxicated From a Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverage: A Case Series",
journal="Annals of emergency medicine",
year="2012",
author="Cleary, Kelly and Levine, Deborah A. and Hoffman, Robert S.",
volume="59",
number="1",
pages="67-69",
abstract="We describe a case series of emergency department (ED) visits for intoxication related to the use of the caffeinated alcoholic beverage Four Loko. Medical records from the 4-month period July to November 2010 were hand searched for key words such as &quot;intoxicated,&quot; &quot;caffeinated,&quot; &quot;Four Loko,&quot; &quot;alcohol,&quot; and &quot;EtOH.&quot; Patients were included if they were younger than 25 years. Eleven cases were included. Eight (72.7%) patients presented during October 2010. The median age was 16.4 years; 90.9% were under the legal drinking age of 21 years. Seven (63.6 %) were male patients. All arrived by emergency medical services (EMS). Four patients (36.3%) were found in high-risk settings, with altered mental status on subway tracks, in public buildings, or parks after dark. Two patients had blood alcohol concentrations greater than 200 mg/dL. Six patients (54.5%) had emesis. Two patients (18.2%) were admitted to hospital, 1 each because of seizures and persistent tachycardia. Patients intoxicated with Four Loko were younger than the legal drinking age, found in high-risk situations, and often admitted to the hospital. Many of these patients used EMS and resources in the ED for alleviation of adverse effects of Four Loko.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0196-0644",
doi="10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.015"
}