@article{ref1,
title="Femur fractures in alpine skiers",
journal="Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma",
year="1992",
author="Spezia, P. and Brennan, R. and Brugman, J. L. and Friermood, T. G.",
volume="6",
number="4",
pages="443-447",
abstract="From the years 1982 to 1989, 377 patients with alpine skiing-related injuries were admitted to St. Anthony's Hospital (a level one regional trauma center). Fifty femur fractures were recorded in 48 patients: 29 femoral shaft fractures (2 open), 15 hip fractures, and 6 supracondylar fractures (2 open). In the femoral shaft fracture group, the predominant fracture pattern was a short, transverse, comminuted fracture, illustrating the high kinetic energy of the accident. In this group, 11 patients returned to skiing, 7 of whom had hardware in place. Of the 10 Garden femoral neck fractures, 4 progressed to avascular necrosis. Three patients required press-fit total hip arthroplasties. Only 4 of these 10 patients returned to skiing. Median injury severity scores were 9.1 in 345 patients (94%), suggesting isolated trauma. Collisions with trees or poles accounted for 32% (15 patients) of all injuries. Follow-up data on return to skiing was available on 43 patients and of these 19 (44%) returned to skiing.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-5339",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}