@article{ref1,
title="Public Images of Protestant Ministers and Catholic Priests: An Empirical Study of Anti-Clericalism in the U.S",
journal="Sociology of religion",
year="1972",
author="Johnstone, Ronald L.",
volume="33",
number="1",
pages="34-49",
abstract="Using data from a national sample of U.S. adults, we focused on differences and sources of those differences among the public images of three categories of clergymen: Catholic, Methodist, and Lutheran. The specific focus was on the issue of anti-clericalism, in particular anti-Catholic clericalism. In this connection, we raised three major questions: 1) To what extent does anti-clericalism in general exist in the United States? We found little. 2) How much residual anti-Catholic Clericalism exists? We found some. That is, our sample applied a set of negative characteristics more often to Catholic priests than to Protestant ministers. 3) What factors might be producing or encouraging the anti-Catholic clericalism that does appear to exist? Here denominational affiliation and educational level of the respondents are relevant. Of particular interest is the discovery that the little anti-Catholic clericalism that does exist seems to reside more in Catholic than Protestant respondents.<p />",
language="",
issn="1069-4404",
doi="10.2307/3710296",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3710296"
}