@article{ref1,
title="Are there really shortcuts? Estimating seat belt use with self-report measures",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="1989",
author="Wagenaar, Alexander C. and Streff, F. M.",
volume="21",
number="6",
pages="509-516",
abstract="We examined the utility of estimating rates of automobile seat belt use with self-report measures. Self-report measures overestimate belt use rates compared to observational surveys of the same population. Laws mandating seat belt use did not substantially affect the degree to which self-reports are upwardly biased. We found self-report measures overestimate observed belt use by 8.9 to 19.4 percentage points or by a factor of 1.2 to 2. Our best estimate is that self-reported seat belt use rates be discounted by 12 percentage points to estimate actual belt use rates.",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}