@article{ref1,
title="The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function",
journal="Pediatrics",
year="2011",
author="Lillard, Angeline S. and Peterson, Jennifer",
volume="128",
number="4",
pages="644-649",
abstract="Objective: The goal of this research was to study whether a fast-paced television show immediately influences preschool-aged children's executive function (eg, self-regulation, working memory). Methods: Sixty 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to watch a fast-paced television cartoon or an educational cartoon or draw for 9 minutes. They were then given 4 tasks tapping executive function, including the classic delay-of-gratification and Tower of Hanoi tasks. Parents completed surveys regarding television viewing and child's attention. Results: Children who watched the fast-paced television cartoon performed significantly worse on the executive function tasks than children in the other 2 groups when controlling for child attention, age, and television exposure. Conclusions: Just 9 minutes of viewing a fast-paced television cartoon had immediate negative effects on 4-year-olds' executive function. Parents should be aware that fast-paced television shows could at least temporarily impair young children's executive function.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-4005",
doi="10.1542/peds.2010-1919",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1919"
}