@article{ref1,
title="Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults?",
journal="Journal of child psychology and psychiatry",
year="2011",
author="Costello, E. Jane and Copeland, William and Angold, Adrian",
volume="52",
number="10",
pages="1015-1025",
abstract="<p><b>Background:</b> Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We reviewed papers reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Both longitudinal and cross‐sectional papers published in the past 15 years were included.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> About one adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. From childhood to adolescence there is an increase in rates of depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and substance use disorders (SUD), and a decrease in separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From adolescence to early adulthood there is a further increase in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and SUD, and a further decrease in SAD and ADHD. Other phobias and disruptive behavior disorders also fall.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Further study of changes in rates of disorder across developmental stages could inform etiological research and guide interventions.</p><p />",
language="",
issn="0021-9630",
doi="10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x"
}