@article{ref1,
title="Study of symbols coding in airway facilities",
journal="International journal of industrial ergonomics",
year="2000",
author="Ramakrishnan, AS and Cranston, L and Rosiles, A and Wagner, Dieter and Mital, A.",
volume="25",
number="1",
pages="39-50",
abstract="An evaluation of three symbol-coding techniques for depicting Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) facilities and services was conducted. Twenty-eight Airway Facilities (AF) specialists and managers participated in the study. The effect of using redundant coding versus two different single coding techniques on both subjective and objective performance was studied. The evaluation considered the usage of pictorial symbols, alpha-numeric symbols (both are single coding techniques), and a combination of pictorial and alpha-numeric symbols (redundant coding) on future AF systems and displays. A comprehensive evaluation technique measuring subjective ratings and objective variables in recall and recognition tasks, was used. Symbol training was provided and used as a variable. Two modes of training, accuracy, speed of response, and subjective ratings were the dependent measures. The entire evaluation was conducted using an exclusively developed software package.  <p>Evaluation results indicated significant ease of training with alpha-numeric and combination symbols and significantly faster response times for pictorial and combination symbols. Combination symbols had the highest subjective rating. Combination symbols using redundant coding had the best overall performance both subjectively and objectively. Prior familiarity with some of the FAA facilities and services did not affect speed or accuracy of performance.</p>  <p>Relevance to industry: The Airway Facilities organization of the FAA is undergoing modernization programs in the area of remote monitoring and maintenance. This study evaluates different coding techniques for encoding facilities and services to be used on maintenance, control, and Remote Maintenance Monitoring displays. Moreover, with the advent of software graphical user interfaces, the study provides useful input to software designers.</p>  <p></p>",
language="",
issn="0169-8141",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}