@article{ref1,
title="Perievent panic attack and depression after the World Trade Center disaster: a structural equation model analysis",
journal="International journal of emergency mental health",
year="2011",
author="Adams, Richard E. and Boscarino, Joseph A.",
volume="13",
number="2",
pages="69-79",
abstract="Research suggests that perievent panic attacks--panic attacks in temporal proximity to traumatic events--are predictive of later mental health status, including the onset of depression. Using a community sample of New York City residents interviewed 1 year and 2 years after the World Trade Center Disaster, we estimated a structural equation model (SEM) using pre-disaster psychological status and post-disaster life events, together with psychosocial resources, to assess the relationship between perievent panic and later onset depression. Bivariate results revealed a significant association between perievent panic and both year-1 and year-2 depression. Results for the SEM, however showed that perievent panic was predictive of year-1 depression, but not year-2 depression, once potential confounders were controlled Year-2 stressors and year-2 psychosocial resources were the best predictors of year-2 depression onset. Pre-disaster psychological problems were directly implicated in year-1 depression, but not year-2 depression. We conclude that a conceptual model that includes pre- and post-disaster variables best explains the complex causal pathways between psychological status, stressor exposure, perievent panic attacks, and depression onset two years after the World Trade Center attacks.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1522-4821",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}