@article{ref1,
title="Hazardous alcohol drinking in the former Soviet Union: a cross-sectional study of eight countries",
journal="Alcohol and alcoholism",
year="2008",
author="Pomerleau, Joceline and McKee, Michael and Rose, Richard and Haerpfer, Christian W. and Rotman, David and Tumanov, Sergej",
volume="43",
number="3",
pages="351-359",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Hazardous consumption of large quantities of alcohol is a major cause of ill-health in the former Soviet Union (fSU). The objective of this study was to describe episodic heavy drinking and other hazardous drinking behaviors in eight countries of the fSU. METHODS: Data from national surveys of adults conducted in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine in 2001 were used (overall sample size 18,428; response rates 71-88%). Heavy episodic drinking, high alcohol intake, drinking alcohol during the working day, and using illegally produced strong spirits were examined. RESULTS: On average, 23% of men and 2% of women were defined as heavy episodic drinkers (> or = 2 l of beer or > or = 750 g bottle of wine or > or = 200 g strong spirits at least once every 2-3 weeks). This was more common in young males, women who are single or who are divorced/separated/widowed, in smokers, and in frequent alcohol drinkers. About half the respondents who drank strong spirits obtained at least some alcohol from private sources. Among drinkers, 11% of males and 7% of women usually took their first drink before the end of working day. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy episodic alcohol drinking is frequent in males throughout the region--although prevalence rates may have been affected by underreporting--but is still relatively rare in women. Alcohol policies in the region should address hazardous drinking patterns and the common use of illegally produced alcohol.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-0414",
doi="10.1093/alcalc/agm167",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm167"
}