@article{ref1,
title="The violent 4-3 MMPI personality type",
journal="Journal of consulting and clinical psychology",
year="1971",
author="Persons, Roy W. and Marks, Philip A.",
volume="36",
number="2",
pages="189-196",
abstract="Attempted to replicate and extend the study of K. R. Davis and J. O. Sines (see PA, Vol. 46:Issue 2) which found the MMPI high point pattern of 4-3 to be associated with commission of violent acts. 48 4-3 male inmates were compared with the 3 most frequently occurring other MMPI code types in a prison and with the institutional base rate for commission of violent criminal offenses. 4-3 Ss committed significantly more violent acts than any of the other personality groups and significantly more violence than the base rates of inmates in general. The other 3 personality groups did not differ from the base rate. Of the 4-3 Ss, 85% had a history of violence. Personality variables, e.g., guilt and anxiety, and race of the offender, are discussed. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)<p />",
language="",
issn="0022-006X",
doi="10.1037/h0030742",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0030742"
}