@article{ref1,
title="Nausea and abdominal discomfort--possible relation to aerophagia during diving: an epidemiologic study",
journal="Undersea biomedical research",
year="1975",
author="Lundgren, C. E. and Ornhagen, H.",
volume="2",
number="3",
pages="155-160",
abstract="Gastrointestinal (GI) distension by gas expansion may be more of a problem in diving than is usually recognized. In response to a written questionnaire, 2053 scuba divers gave information about GI discomfort such as pain, nausea, and vomiting in connection with diving. One hundred and eleven reports (5.4% of 2053) were considered possible cases of significant GI distension because the majority of divers had their symptoms during ascent and a significant number of them got relief from belching. Difficult middle ear pressure equilibration was a particular problem among divers with GI symptoms. It may have induced frequent swallowing, causing air ingestion and consequent GI problems. Steep, head-first descents appear to have been employed in some dives, leading to GI discomfort presumably be creating large mouth-to-stomach gas-pressure differences. It was concluded that swallowing or any procedure leading to entry of gas into the stomach should be avoided and that belching during diving should be recommended.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0093-5387",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}